@book{oai:repository.ninjal.ac.jp:00001334,
 author = {国立国語研究所 and The National Language Research Institute},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This is a report of the results of a survey conducted from a contrastive and sociolinguistic point of view for the purpose of learning more about the differences in the linguistic behavior patterns of Japanese and Germans (and foreigners in Japan). Previously, comparative and contrastive descriptions of the patterns of linguistic (and non-verbal) behavior were based on individual observation, written documentation, etc. However, the present research investigated these issues through an objective survey of the actual situation. This was the first attempt at a survey of this kind at the National Language Research Institute and there have been few previous studies like it.

The present survey was carried out cooperatively by the Centre for Teaching of Japanese as a Foreign Language and the Department of Language Behaviour during the 5 years starting in the 1977 fiscal year, in West Germany (1977-1979 fiscal years) and Japan (1979-1981 fiscal years). During that time, we received cooperation principally from the West German Institute for German Language (Institut für Deutsche Sprache) and also from many other organizations and individuals.

The framework and contents of the present report are as follows.
Chapter 1. Justification and Methodology of the Investigation (NOMOTO, HAYASI, EGAWA): We indicated the objectives, methods, particulars related to the background and development of this survey, and special attributes of the informants. The informants consisted of 1,098 Japanese, 323 Germans and 384 (English-speaking) foreigners in Japan.
Chapter 2. Linguistic Life and Linguistic Awareness (EGAWA, TAKADA, TANAKA): We described the contact with mass media, involvement in private correspondence, interpersonal contact, contact with foreign languages and foreigners, and other relevant circumstances for speakers in each country.
Chapter 3. Greeting Behavior (ISII, YONEDA, SIBU, TAKADA): We contrasted patterns in greeting behavior for speakers of each country in the following 4 contexts: “in the home”, “on the street”, “in the park”, and “in school” and the actual linguistic expressions that were used in each context.
Chapter 4. Shopping and Asking for Directions (TANAKA, HINATA, SUGITO, TAKADA): We contrasted the patterns in linguistic behavior for speakers of each country during shopping activities at a station newsstand and a department store (buying a fountain pen) and when asking directions of a stranger.
Chapter 5. Physical Contact, Proxemics (SUGITO): We described the differences between Japanese and Germans from the point of view of proxemics, particularly differences in the amount of physical distance maintained between the participants.
Chapter 6. Reflections and Problems for Future Research (EGAWA): We mentioned the problems encountered in the present research and suggested several points for consideration in the promotion of international comparative research and research on the contact situation between different cultures.

The following 10 people directed the writing of this report: NOMOTO Kikuo, HAYASI Ôki, EGAWA Kiyosi, TAKADA Makoto, TANAKA Nozomi, ISII Hisao, YONEDA Masato, SIBU Syôhei, HINATA Sigeo, and SUGITO Seizyu. In addition to the above writers, WATANABE Tomosuke and MIZUTANI Osamu participated in this project., application/pdf},
 publisher = {三省堂},
 title = {言語行動における日独比較},
 year = {1984},
 yomi = {コクリツ コクゴ ケンキュウジョ}
}